关于玉米光合作用与叶片水分利用效率关系的研究

Relationship between Water Use Efficiency and Leaf Photosynthesis of Maize

研究分析了玉米17个自交系和11个杂交种单叶光合速率(PH)、蒸腾速率(TR)和叶片水分利用效率(WUE)。结果表明,玉米自交系或杂交种间单叶PH、TR和WUE存在着显著差异。WUE与PH呈极显著正相关关系,且较WUE与TR的关系更密切。玉米单叶的WUE、PH、TR值会随着叶位、生育时期、光辐射强度、种植密度不同而不同,也会由于源库比改变、植株个体间差异而变化。WUE和PH之间回归直线的斜率随生育期的推延而增大,但几乎不受源库比率改变、种植密度的影响。玉米单交种中单14较其父母本有PH提高而TR下降的趋势,因此,WUE显著增加。本文认为,提高WUE应从提高单叶PH入手,选配叶片光合能力强的玉米基因型或制定提高净光合速率、延长功能期等的栽培措施是提高玉米WUE的关键。

Seventeen inbred lines and eleven hybrids were used to studing the relationship between the leaf photosynthesis rate(PH), transpiration rate(TR)and the water use efficiency (WUE)in maize(Zea mavys L. ). The results indicated that the single-leaf PH, TR and WUE of different genotypes were quite different from each other. The WUE was highly significantly correlated with the PH, whereas the relationship between the WUE and the TR was not as close. The single-leaf WUE, PH and TR in maize variety with differences in leaf position, growth stage, light intensity and plant density. They were also influenced by the ratio between the source and the sink, as well as differance among individual plants. The slope of the linear regression curve between WUE and PH increased with the progress of the growth stages, but it was hardly influenced by changes in the source and sink ratio, nor by plant density. Because of higher leaf PH and lower TR single-cross, hybrid Zhongdan 14 had higher WUE as compared with its parents. It was suggested, therefore, that PH could be a criteria in breeding or cultivation for the increase of the water use efficiency.