美与伟大的依存悖论——T.S.艾略特与新批评派的文论异趣

On the paradox of co-existence of literary beauty and greatness——Commentary essays by T.S. Eliot and neo-critics

艾略特的早期文论一度是新批评派重要的灵感源泉,但新批评派对艾略特的思想并非全盘接收,而是从“文本中心”的立场对之进行了修正。因此,当后期艾略特皈依了宗教、走向更加宽广的宗教文化视野时,双方的龃龉也就越来越突出。艾略特提出的“感受力的统一”、“客观对应物”以及文学与神学的双重标准,与新批评派“意图谬误”、“感受谬误”及对纯文学标准的坚持,形成了鲜明的分野。从对立于新批评派的角度来看,后期艾略特突破极端文本中心的困境,来到一个更宽广深入的文化境遇,恰恰对于新批评派突破自身瓶颈具有最直接的借鉴作用。在思考艾略特和新批评派歧异的过程中,我们清晰觉察到了文学“美”与“伟大”相互依存之中的悖论。

While the early essays by T. S. Eliot serve as the major source of the neo-criticism, neo-critics have performed text-centered revisions instead of exclusive acceptance. Therefore as T. S. Eliot advocates religion or religion-oriented cultural horizon, such as the unity of affectability, objective equivalence, and the dual standard of literature and theology, it is confronted with the neo-critics with their insistence for the contrastive intentional fallacy, affectability fallacy and pure literary standard. Likewise the cultural context results in the breakthrough of the text-centered bottle-necked dilemma for the neo-critics just as T. S. Eliot himself. This is considered as the paradox of co-existence of literary beauty and greatness.