汉语动结合成词的论元结构

The Argument Structures of Chinese Resultative Verbs

汉语动结合成词由词核V1及其结果补语V2构成,表述动作的结果。动结合成词的论元结构充分保留了自由语素V1的论元结构信息,但是能否反映V2的论元结构全貌依V2的词化程度而定。表述型、方位型以及大部分成就型结果补语V2都是词化程度较低的自由语素,在合成新词时语义不变,因此它们的论元结构与V1的论元结构一起完好无损地再现在合成动词的论元结构中;小部分成就型结果补语V2为词化程度较高的黏着根语素,在合成动结结构时语义发生较大的变化,原有论元的语义角色会部分流失,这时的动结合成词的论元结构不能真实地再现V2的论元结构信息。

Chinese resuhative verbs, as composed of the head V1 and its resultative complement V2 , indi- cate the result of an action. The argument structure of resultative verbs amply reflects the argument structure information of the free morpheme V1, but the same is not necessarily true for V2. All stative, directional and most attainment resuhative complements, which are non- lexicalized free morphemes, retain their original meanings in the compound verbs, so their argument structure, together with that of V1, will perfectly remain in the argument structure of the compound verbs. For another part of the attainment resultative complements, which are lexicalized bound root morphemes and have quite different meanings in the complex verbs, some of the theta roles which can assign to their arguments when used alone will lose and thus their argument structure information will not be faithfully revealed in that of the resuhative verbs.