多孔聚乙烯醇水凝胶复合物的制备及其生物相容性的初步观察

Porous Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Composite Prepared and Studied initially for Biocompatibility

目的探讨多孔聚乙烯醇水凝胶复合物的制备,并观察其性能和生物相容性。方法采用乳化发泡(冷冻固化-去除表面活性剂法获得多孔聚乙烯醇(PVA)、多孔聚乙烯醇/纳米羟基磷灰石(PVA/n-HA)、多孔聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖(PVA/Cs),并采用图像分析、力学测试、MTT法、肌肉植入实验检测材料性能和生物相容性。结果3种多孔材料亲水性好、有相似的孔隙率(80%),但孔径以PVA/n-HA为最小(154.5μm),抗拉强度以PVA为最大(0.60Mpa);MTT法检测表明,3种材料细胞毒性为0级,且PVA的吸光值、细胞相对增殖率高于无材料的细胞对照组(P<0.05);肌肉植入后,PVA/Cs除在第1周炎性反应略大外,在第4、12周炎性反应小,且在第4周观察到大量肌组织长入孔隙内,其余两种材料炎性反应小,在第1、4、12周均有纤维组织长入孔隙内。结论3种支架均有较好的生物相容性、弹性和亲水性,添加n-HA和Cs后,材料孔径和力学性能有一定改变,其中PVA/Cs还具备成肌诱导活性,有望在需长期植入的组织工程中或作为组织填充物进一步发挥作用。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of porous polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel （PVA-H） composite, for tissue engineering scaffold. Methods The approach of emulsifier-foaming, freeze-drying and surfactant-cleaning method was developed to gain three kinds of porous scaffolds： porous polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, porous polyvinyl alcohol/nano-hydroxyapatite （PVA/n-HA） and porous polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan （PVA/Cs）. We checked the physical features of the above three kinds of materials and further investigated their biocompatibility by SEM image analysis, mechanics test, MTT and muscle implanting. Results Three kinds of materials had the similar character of high porosity （80%）, but the PVA/n-HA had the smallest mean pore size （ 154. 5μm） and the PVA had the biggest tensile strength （0.60Mpa）. MTT assay demonstrated three kinds of ,materials to have no toxicity, furthermore, PVA had better absorbance, compared with cell control group （P〈0.05）. After muscle implantation, there were many muscular tissues growing into pores of PVA/Cs at the 4th week, although PVA/Cs had stronger inflammatory reaction. Other two kinds of materials had very small inflammatory reaction and there were many fibrous tissues growing into pores at the 1st, 4th, 12th week. Conclusion The features of materials are changed after adding n-HA or Cs, moreover, porous PVA/Cs seems to have the activity of inducing muscle growth. Porous PVA and its composites may be applied to tissue engineering as a long-term or permanent scaffold due to their good biocompatibility, elasticity and hydrophilicity.