部分离子液体及其混合物对发光菌的毒性作用

Toxicities of Selected Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures to Photobacteria (Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.—Q67)

离子液体(ILs)因其环境安全和良好的非挥发性而得以广泛应用,尽管其理化性质与工程数据一直在不断扩充,但其可用的毒性及生态毒性数据很少.以青海弧菌Q67为指示生物,应用微板发光毒性测试方法,测定了C6H11BF4N(2S1)、C8H15ClN2(S2)、C8H15BF4N2(S3)、C9H14BF4N(S4)、C9H17BF4N2(S5)、C9H17BrN2(S6)、C11H13BF4N2(S7)、C11H13ClN2(S8)、C12H23BrN2(S9)、C14H27BF4N(2S10)、C14H27ClN(2S11)和C16H31ClN(2S12)等12种ILs对发光菌的发光抑制毒性.结果表明,4种ILs(S9、S10、S11、S12)具有高抑制毒性(pEC50>4.5),而另外8种毒性相对较小(pEC50<3.5).为研究混合ILs的联合毒性,根据单个ILs的剂量-效应关系,构建了两组混合物,即由S9、S10、S11和S12构成的高毒性组(简称H组)以及由S2、S3、S4、S5、S6和S8构成的低毒性组(简称L组)混合物.应用非线性模拟技术与剂量加和(DA)及独立作用(IA)模型对混合物毒性数据进行拟合与预测分析,结果表明,以等效应浓度比法设计的混合物,无论是对于H组的4个混合物还是L组的4个混合物,其联合毒性大小均可用DA模型准确预测.对于均匀试验设计浓度比法设计的混合物,H组的6个混合物的毒性可用DA模型有效预测,而L组的6个混合物由于剂量-效应曲线在低浓度区翘起,其混合物毒性用DA或用IA模型预测均有一定误差.

Ionic liquids（ILs）are claimed to be environmentally safe and very good non-volatile solvents for a wide range of applications. Although the information about physical, thermodynamic, kinetic or engineering data has been extended continuously, only little data with regard to the toxicity and ecotoxicity of ILs have been available until now. Using the microplate luminometer as testing equipment and the freshwater photobacteria Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 as indication organism, the luminescence inhibition toxicities of 12 ionic liquids including C6H11BF4N2 （S1）, C8H15ClN2 （S2）, C8H15BF4N2 （ S3 ）, C9H14BF4N （S4）, C9H17BF4N2 （ S5 ）, C9H17BrN2 （ S6 ）, C11H13BF4N2 （ S7 ）, C11H133ClN2 （ S8 ）, C12H23BrN2 （ S9 ）, C14H27BF4N2 （S10）, C14H27ClN2（S11 ）, and C16H31CLN2（S12） and their mixtures to Q67 were determined. Obviously, there were 2 groups of mixtures, a high-toxicity group（H-set） with pE50s 〉 4.5, including S9, S10, S11 and S12, and a low-toxicity group （Lset） with pEC50〈 3.5, including S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S8. The EC50 values of single compounds （from S1 to S 12 ） revealed that the toxic order was S 10 〉 S12 〉 S 11 〉 S9 〉 S7 〉 S8 〉 S6 〉 S3 〉 S4 〉 S2 〉 S5 〉 S 1. The test mixtures were prepared using equivalent-effect concentration ratio （EECR）and uniform design concentration ratio （UDCR）method. It has been found that the toxicities of 8 test mixtures designed by the EECR and the H-set or L-set ILs can be accurately predicted by the dose-addition （DA）model. Also, the toxicities of 6 test mixtures constructed by the UDCR and the H-set ILs can be predicted by the DA model. However, the toxicities of 6 test mixtures constructed by the UDCR and the L-set ILs can＇t be effectively predicted by the DA or independent action（IA）model because there is an upwarp in the low-dose area of the dose-response curves.