植物自毒作用及针叶林自毒研究进展

Autotoxicity of Plants and Research of Coniferous Forest Autotoxicity

自毒作用是同种植物个体之间的一种化学作用,是植物经过长期适应环境和进化选择而获得的一种避免种内竞争的机制。针叶树是我国重要的用材树种,在对其长期的经营管理过程中发现:天然针叶林经常会出现生产力下降和天然更新障碍等问题。除轮伐期、采伐利用方式不当等原因外,针叶树凋落物和根分泌物长期向环境中释放大量次生代谢物质,而自然生态系统的排毒解毒机制受到人为干扰的影响,导致植物次生代谢物质的过量积累,进而产生了自毒作用,这也是许多作物连作障碍产生的原因。就自毒物质的种类、释放途径、作用特点、作用机理、检测方法、对生态系统的影响及针叶林自毒作用的研究现状等问题进行综述。认为对自毒作用研究的最终目的是要为解决困扰我们的各种生态环境问题提供切实可行的方案,尤其是在实现农林业可持续发展和自然资源与环境保护方面发挥作用。

Autotoxicity is a chemical interaction among intra-specific plant individuals. It is a mechanism the plant to avoid competitions that acquired through a long time of adapting environment and evaluating selection. Coniferous forests are the most important timber species in China. At the long practice of forest management, it was found that natural forest of coniferous appeared the problems of reduction of growth, regeneration and productivity and the irrational distribution of size and age structure of the plants. In addition to the reasons of regulatory rotation and wrong exploitation, secondary metabolites released by litter and root secretion, which were excessively accumulation and formed autotoxicity, might be the main cause of these problems while expelling toxins mechanism of ecosystem such as fire procession were interfered by human control. The article reviews the categories, releasing approaches, characteristics and mechanism of action, bioassay methods, and effects on ecosystem of autotoxin and research status of coniferous forests autotoxicity. The authors think that the main purposes of research of autotoxicity are for providing us methods to solve various ecology problems, especially at the aspects of sustainability development of agriculture and forestry, nature resources and environment conservation.