新生儿听力筛查结果15247例分析

Hearing screening of 15 247 newborns.

【目的】了解新生儿听力筛查工作的运行结果，探索新生儿听力筛查的临床策略。【方法】应用瞬态诱发耳声发射技术（transient evoked otoacustic emission，TEOAE）对新生儿进行听力普遍筛查，未通过者在满月至生后6周用同样技术进行复查，对复筛未通过者，采用脑干听觉诱发电位（auditory brainstem response，ABR）技术诊断，并跟踪随访。【结果】自2003年4月～2006年7月，可供听力筛查的新生儿数为16321例，实际筛查15247例（总体新生儿初筛率为93．42％）；初筛通过率为94．87％；需门诊复筛的共1656例，实际复筛人数1292例，通过1227例，门诊复筛率为78．02％，复筛通过率为94．97％。确诊新生儿先天性听力损失41例（58只耳），由本组资料显示新生儿先天性听力损失在筛查儿中的发病率为2．69％o（单耳和双耳）。双耳听力损失在筛查儿中的发病率为1．11‰。初筛的假阳性率为10．62％，两步筛查后的假阳性率为0．16％。【结论】新生儿听力筛查十分必要，耳声发射技术是适合应用于临床的一种快速可行的新生儿听力初筛方法。新生儿听损伤可通过筛查及早发现，有利于婴幼儿语言发育。

[Objective] To investigate the results of hearing screening in newborns so as to explore the appropriate clinical strategy of hearing screening among newborns. [Methods] Transiently evoked otoacoustic emission （TEOAE） was used to examine the hearing of newborns. Those who failed the initial screening underwent secondary screening with TEOAE. Acoustic brain-stem response （ABR） was used to monitor the hearing of those who failed the secondary screening. [Results] A total of 16321 newborns were available but only 15247（93.42%）for screen,94.87% passed and 1656 newborns failed the first screen. 1292 （78.02 % ）were followed up. Among them 1 227 （94.97 %） newborns passed the follow up screen. The false-positive rate was 10.62% in the initial screening, and was 0.16% after the 2-stage screening. 41 infants were diagnosed with hearing loss with a prevalence of congenital hearing loss （in one ear or two ears） of 2.69% and a prevalence of bilateral hearing loss of 1.11%0. [Conclusion] Hearing screening in the procedure with TEOAE helps identify infants with hearing loss as early as possible so as to conduct appropriate intervention and pormote development of speech and language.