新疆和田地区土地利用时空变化特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Landuse Space-time Change in Hotan District,Xinjiang,China

本文基于GIS平台,以新疆各县市统计资料及Landsat TM影像解译得到的三期土地利用数据为基础,结合统计分析工作,对和田地区1996～2004年土地利用数量、类型及其变化进行了分析。分析得出,前后2个4年间,和田地区耕地是先增加后减少,草地则是先减少后增加。在8年尺度上土地利用总的动态特征是,园地、草地、水域及建设用地面积增加,而耕地、林地及未利用土地面积减少。8年尺度和田地区综合土地利用动态度为0.21,前4年综合土地利用动态度为0.06,建设用地、耕地及园地的年变化率较大,草地、水域及未利用土地的年变化率较低。后4年和田地区综合土地利用动态度为0.19,园地与耕地的年变化率较大,林地、水域及未利用土地的变化率较低,后4年变化程度比前4年明显。最后引入单一土地利用类型相对变化率反映出和田地区土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异。

Based on the GIS platform with the statistical approaches, the landuse numbers, types and changes in Hotan District during 1996-2004 were analyzed using the government statistics and Landsat TM data. Results showed that cultivated land in Hotan District increased in the first half of this period, and then decreased, while the meadowland had the opposite trend of change. Garden land, water areaand construction land, however, kept the trend of increasing in the whole period, while the forest land and unoccupied land were continuing to decrease. At the 8-year scale, the overall trend of landuse in Hotan District was an increase of garden land, meadowland, water area and construction land and a decrease in cultivated land, forest land and unoccupied land. In these 8 years, the dynamic degree of comprehensive landuse in Hotan District was 0.21, while it was 0.06 in the first half and 0.29 in the second half of this period. During the first four years, the annual transformation rate of construction land, cultivated land and garden land were relatively high, while that of grass land, water area and unoccupied land were relatively low. Identically, in the second four years, the annual transformation rates of gai＇den land and cultivated land still were relatively high, while that of forest land, water land, and unoccupied land were relatively low. The transformation rate in the second half of this period was more evident than that in the first half. At the end, we calculated the relative transformation rates of each single land use type to analyze the special disparity of landuse change in Hotan District.