工人与资本家:抗战后国统区的地方社会——以江苏省无锡县为个案的考察

Workers and Capitalists:the Regional Society under the Kuomintang’s Domination after the Anti-Japanese-War——A case study of Wuxi in Jiangsu Province

抗战结束后,国统区发生了持续不断的劳资冲突事件,劳资力量较为集中的江苏省无锡县即是其中一个典型缩影。由于物价飞涨、生活困难,无锡工人在中共地下组织动员下,不断要求资本家增加工资改善待遇。同样受困于经济恶化的资本家承受不了工人再三加码,遂采取或明或暗的方式加以抗拒,由此致使劳资之间冲突频频发生。在冲突过程中,接受了中国共产党暗中动员的工人斗争顽强,而资方却因得不到地方当局的有效支持,常常陷于孤军作战的境地。但是,无论是常常获胜的工人,还是屡屡被迫妥协的资本家,都没有获得根本性的生存保障。经过几年相互斗争后,工人和资本家都逐渐放弃了对国民党政府的信任与支持,开始向中国共产党靠拢。

After Anti-Japanese-War, the areas ruled by Kuomintang have witnessed a constant outbreak of labour and capital conflicts. And wuxi, a relatively labour and capital-intensive region, became the typical epitome of those conflicts. Owning to skyrocketed prices which caused difficulty in people＇s daily lives, the workers in Wuxi continued to advocate for a pay rise. Locked into the economic deterioration, the capitalist couldn＇t withstand the constant rise in workers＇ payments. Therefore, the capitalists directly or indirectly to go against the worker＇s requirements, causing the frequent outbreak of the conflicts. During the conflicts, the worker part under the help of CPC became stronger and stronger. In contrast, the capitalists without the support by the local government usually were immersed in isolated predicament. However, neither the victorious worker, nor the frustrated capitalists obtained the fundamental guarantees for life. After years of fighting, both the worker and the capitalists lost heart to the Kuomintang authority and gave up getting support from it. Finally they both began to throw themselves into the lap of CPC.