生物除草剂防治研究进展

Study Progress on Bioherbicide Preventing and Controlling Farmland Weeds

生物除草剂(bioherbicide)是指能够有效地应用、防治特定杂草的活生物产品,在人为控制的条件下,选用能杀灭杂草的天敌,进行人工培养后获得的大剂量生物制剂。生物除草剂有两个显著的特点:一是经过人工大批量生产而获得大量生物接种体;二是淹没式应用,以达到迅速感染,并在较短时间内杀灭杂草。目前,生物除草剂大多是利用真菌,这类生物除草剂称为真菌除草剂(mycoherbicide)。随着植物病原菌的不断分离和研究,尤其是从杂草病株中筛选出来的一些植物病原菌表现出了潜在的除草活性,其研究开发成为可替代化学除草剂的新型生物除草剂。

The bioherbicide is called to those living biological products which can be applied to prevent and control specific weeds effectively, can kill the natural enemy of the weeds, after carries on large dose biology preparation which the culture obtains under the artificial controlling conditions. The bioherbicide has two remarkable characteristics： 1 ） the massive biological vaccination body obtained through the mass artificial production; 2） the submergence type application to achieve the rapid infection, and to kill weeds within a short time. At present, the used bioherbicides are mostly the fungus, so this kind of bioherbicide is called as the mycoherbicides. Along with the plant disease germs unceasing separation, in particularly those which screened from the diseased weeds display latent weeding activity, and will be developed into new type bioherbicide and it may substitute the chemical herbicide.