儿童对道义情景中的心理状态的推理

Children’s Inference of Mental States in Deontic Contexts

该文回顾了儿童对道义情景中心理状态推理的研究,包括儿童对行为者愿望、信念和情绪的推理以及对权威愿望的推理研究。总体来讲,道义规则的引入使得儿童过分根据道义规则来对行为者的行为和心理状态进行推理,但是不同的研究还存在诸多矛盾之处,这可能与以往的研究中所使用的道义规则属于不同的领域(如道德、习俗及防范等领域)以及实验任务(如行为预测和奖惩判断等)的差异有关。最后该文提出另外两个可能的影响因素:道义规则的形式和儿童的视角采择能力。

This article reviewed researches about children＇s inference of mental state which included the actor＇s desire, belief, emotion and the authority＇s desire in deontic context, In general, the framework which included deontic rules made children to assign inappropriate high weight on the deontic rules. There were also some contradictions among these results. The contradictions might due to the deontic rules which belonged to different domains （such as moral, conventional and prudential domain） and the tasks which were-also different （such as behavior prediction and behavior evaluation）. Finally, this article pointed out the other two possible factors： the form of deontic rules and the children＇s ability of perspective taking.