Protocol for the application of cooperative MIMO based on clustering in sparse wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks （WSN） using cooperative multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） communication are effective tools to collect data in several environments. However, how to apply cooperative MIMO in WSN remains a critical challenge, especially in sparse WSN. In this article, a novel clustering scheme is proposed for the application of cooperative MIMO in sparse WSN by extending the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH） protocol. This clustering scheme solves the problem that the cluster heads （CH） cannot find enough secondary cluster heads （SCH）, which are used to cooperate and inform multiple-antenna transmitters with CHs. On the basis of this protocol, the overall energy consumption of the networks model is developed, and the optimal number of CHs is obtained. The simulation results show that this protocol is feasible for the sparse WSN. The simulation results also illustrate that this protocol provides significant energy efficiencies, even after allowing for additional overheads.