小麦品种田间鉴定标准性状的系统研究

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY ON STANDARD MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DISCRIMINATION OF VARIETIES IN WHEAT

在大田条播和稀播条件下，连续３年对４０余个小麦品种许多形态性状进行了观察。根据性状的稳定性、可操性和重演性的分析发现，鉴别力强的重要性状包括芒长、芒色、壳色、颖壳茸毛、粒色、蜡质、超小穗、叶耳和芽鞘颜色。遗传稳定、易于掌握的性状包括外颖窄翼龙骨、宽翼外表面粗糙度、内表面茸毛、颖喙尖钝、颖喙长、顶端小穗内颖喙、顶端小穗穗轴凸面茸毛和颖肩形状。在详细揭示了每个性状鉴别潜力的基础上。

Under the drilling and spaced planting conditions in the field in Laiyang, over forty wheat varieties,Tr.aestivum, were evaluated over three consecutive years for seventeen traits in an attempt to screen out morphological markers for variety identification. Two types of characters were identified: the most discriminating ones that include scurs, wax, supernumber spiklets, auricle and sheath pigmentation,downs on the outer glume, colour in grain,awn and chaff.And genetically stable and easy-handling ones that include on the lower glume(L.W.),keel,roughness,internal group hairs,tip sharpness,beak length,beak of lower glume at the apex and hairs on apical rachis segment and shoulder shape of L. W. . Each character was revealed for its discriminating potential. Hence a set of morphological standards is established for varietal purity testing in multiplication and seed crop prodution.