我国天然气产业链价格形成机制研究

PRICING MECHANISM STUDY ON CHINESE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY

我国天然气产业现行定价体制为国家调控下的成本加成定价,产业链上中下游的价格形成彼此孤立;天然气价格没有反映出其与可替代能源的竞争关系,造成终端气价不能充分体现其市场价值和产业链各环节比价不合理的局面。为此,提出了天然气产业链定价的原则,即兼顾产业链的成本与天然气的市场价值;对自然垄断环节进行有效监管;在定价机制上体现出产业链各环节的效益相关性。在综合考虑天然气产业链总体成本水平和天然气市场价值的基础上,建立了我国天然气产业链的总体定价方法和模型。该定价方式借鉴了欧美国家天然气市场发展的成功经验,在井口价的确定上具有一定的灵活性,体现了市场定价的特征;在管输和配气等自然垄断环节实现了政府对垄断企业收益率的监管,且有利于与管输和配气费用的“服务成本”及“两部制”的收费方式相接轨。

The current pricing mechanism of Chinese natural gas industry still follows the principle of 'Cost Plus Revenue under Government Control'. Each pricing system is independent during upstream → middle-stream → downstream of natural gas industry, which can not reflect the competitive relationship in the industry between natural gas and some other alternative energy. This current gas pricing system leads to the situation that gas final price can not represent its real value in the market, and gas pricing at each link of its industry chain is unreasonable. Therefore, this paper puts forward a gas pricing mechanism on its industry, which takes both costs at each link of the industry chain and gas final price in the market into consideration, achieves supervisions over natural exclusive links, and concerns the relevance among those links of gas industry. Based on evaluations on total investments at different links of gas industry chain and gas market value, a new gas pricing method and model was built up. Having learned much successful experience from western countries, this new pricing model can embody gas pricing in the market with some flexibility on determining well-head gas price. With this pricing model, government will easily have the charge and direction of those monopolies in this industry under control especially at natural exclusive links such as pipeline transmission and gas distribution, whose two international popular payment modes, 'service cost' and 'dual body pricing', can also be kept pace with in this way.