广义需求圆锥体理论初探

Tentative Investigation on the Generalized Theory of Demand Cone

19世纪30年代至20世纪30年代,在社会生产力快速发展和地方经济联系加强的背景下,国外许多经济学家相继提出不同的区位论,其中经济学家廖什的市场区位论中所提出的需求圆锥体得到普遍的关注。将其啤酒需求圆锥体推广到各种产品的需求圆锥体,得出广义需求圆锥体的概念、模型及影响因素,而促进广义需求圆锥体不断“同源生长”和“异源生长”则源于技术创新。技术创新使产品寿命的周期越来越短,不断出现新的换代产品来取代旧产品。同时,将弗农提出的3个产品周期过程阶段和广义需求圆锥体模型结合起来考虑,可知产品生产地随需求圆锥体的“生长”从原始生产地不断向外“传播”。该理论在全球经济一体化过程中,为全球产业战略转移和空间重组等提供了理论模型。

From the 30′s of thel9th century to the 30′s of the 20th century, with the fast development of the social productive forces and the close relation of the local economies, economists proposed various position theories, and the demand cone put forward in the position theory by economist Losch is noteworthy. In this paper, the beer demand cone is generalized into various kinds of demand cone of products to obtain the concept, the model and the influence factor of the generalized demand cone, where the technical innovation promotes “the congenetic growth” and “the heterogenous growth” of the demand cone . In the course of its growth, the technological innovation makes the cycle of the life of product shorter and shorter, with the products of old generation being replaced constantly by products of new generation. Three stages of the product cycle put forward by Veron are incorporated into the generalized demand cone model. As the demand of cone grows, the base of production spreads from the primitive one.In the process of the economic integration in the world, it serves as a theoretical model for the strategic shifts and the spatial reorganization of global industries.