中国生物质能源的定量评价及其地理分布

Quantitive Appraisal of Biomass Energy and Its Geographical Distribution in China

利用已有统计资料和数据,定量估算了中国生物质能源的数量,并对其地理分布格局进行了探讨。研究表明:①2004年中国生物质资源实物蕴藏量为:秸秆7.28×108t,主要分布在河南、山东、黑龙江、吉林、四川等省;畜粪39.26×108t,主要分布在河南、山东、四川、河北、湖南等省;林木生物质21.75×108t,主要分布在西藏、四川、云南、黑龙江、内蒙古等省区;城市垃圾1.55×108t,主要分布在广东、山东、黑龙江、湖北、江苏等省;废水482.4×108t,主要分布在广东、江苏、浙江、山东、河南等省;②2004年中国生物质能实物总蕴藏潜力为35.11×108tce,前五位依次为四川、云南、黑龙江、河南和内蒙古;其中理论可获得量为4.6×108tce,前五位为四川、黑龙江、云南、西藏和内蒙古。可获得量中秸秆、薪柴和畜粪所占比例分别达38.9%、36.0%和22.14%;③中国生物质能分布不均,省际差异较大。按农村人口计算,人均理论可获得生物质能最大的西藏自治区达14.17tce,最小的浙江省仅0.15tce。而生物质能蕴藏潜力分布在一定程度上与常规一次能源蕴藏潜力分布呈现互补状态,则更加突出了在一次能源蕴藏量较低的地区开发利用生物质能的巨大潜力。

By using the existed statistics data,this paper estimated the quantity of biomass energy and analyzed its distribution pattern in China.Conclusions are as follows： （1）Biomass energy is very rich in China,and its geographical distribution and quantity depends mainly on the the relationship between ecological zones and the climate conditions.The total quantity of each biomass resource goes as follows：crop residues7.28~10^8t,distributed mainly in Henan,Shandong, Heilongjiang,Jilin and Sichuan provinces;dung39.26×10^8t, distributed mainly in Henan,Shandong, Sichuan,Hebei and Hunan provinces;forest and wood biomass 21.75×10^8t,distributed mainly in Tibet,Sichuan,Yunnan,Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces;city rubbishl.55×10^8t,distributed mainly in Guangdong,Shandong, Heilongjiang,Hubei and Jiangsu provinces;wastewater482.4×10^8t,distributed mainly in Guangdong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong and Henan provinces. （2）The potential quantity of all the biomass energy in China in 2004 is 35.11×10^8tce,and the acquirable quantity is 4.6×10^8tce with the top five provinces of Sichuan,Heilongjiang,Yunan,Tibet and Inner Mongolia.The respective proportion of crop residues,firwood and dung in the acquirable quantity is 38.9%,36.0% and 22.14%,respectively. （3）Biomass energy distribution varies from province to province in China.If computed by the rural population,the biomass energy density varies from the biggest 14.17tce per capita in Tibet Autonomous Region to the smallest 0.15tce per capita in Zhejiang province.And the relation between biomass energy proportion and primary energy proportion of each province in China shows great potential to explore biomass energy especially in the region where there is a shortage of primary energy.