塔里木河干流生态闸洪水漫溢过程分布式水文模拟——以灿木里克生态闸为例

Eco-gate Flood Model of Tarim River Basin and Its Application——A Case Study of Canmulik

随着人类活动对塔里木河流域水-生态环境的干扰范围不断扩大,闸、堰及堤防等水利工程在流域水资源管理与调控中的作用也日益增强。生态放水是塔里木河特有的一种水资源调配和生态恢复手段,其运行机制需要以生态控制区域水资源运移及空间分布为依据。论文选取塔里木河中游灿木里克生态闸为研究区,利用区域气象、水文及高分辨率地形数据,实现了生态洪水漫溢过程的分布式水文模拟,并通过统计回归分析得到淹没时间与淹没面积、生态放水量与淹没面积之间的定量关系。结果表明,将GIS与现代水文学相结合,建立塔里木河干流小尺度分布式水文模型,模拟生态闸的洪水漫溢过程是可行的;模拟结果与实测淹没范围在空间分布和面积上都实现了较好的拟合,为合理调配生态区域内水资源及制定科学的生态闸运行机制提供了理论基础。

Because of the exploitation and utilization of water resources,water resources consumption in the river basin has changed mainly from natural ecosystem to artificial oasis ecosystem.The control of human being on the water resources has become more and more important,and the effect of gates, weirs and dams become more significant.Eco-gate flood is a special path in Tarim River basin to control water resource and recover natural vegetation,and the running rules of eco-gates base on water distribution and transportation states in the area.This research chose Canmulik Eco-gate as an example and simulated the processes of water overflow within the field.Data of several aspects was used in the simulation,such as topographical data,land surface attribute data,meteorological data and hydrological data.Then,we calculated quantitative relations of flood volume＇flood time and flood area by doing statistical analysis on the results of simulations.The model not only created a method to calculate and analyze the effect of ecological flood,but also simulated flow directions and spatial distribution of the water that poured from the eco-gate,and the results of flood simulation accord with observed data very well.In addition,the equations which reveal the rules of flood process and water distribution in the ecological zone of Canmulik have been calculated for giving some pivotal laws of eco-gate running,and can be used in making of water distribution plans.Combining hydrological methods with GIS is a new path to simulate the flood process in small scale,provide some basic knowledge to water resource management of the basin,and is also a new attempt to solve the conflict of society,economy and water resources.But the calibration of the model needs further researches.We are going to combine the observational data of flood processes with the results of RS image interpretation,and make the model more veracity.