法治、正义与非暴力反抗——罗尔斯《正义论》述评

Legality,Justice and Non-violent Revolt——On John Rawls' A Theory of Justice

罗尔斯的正义学说对研究法与正义具有重要的意义,同时对我国司法理论与实践问题有较大的启发作用。罗尔斯论述了正义二原则的实现过程,提出了政治正义、经济(分配)正义和个人正义问题,并论述了实质正义和形式正义。对正义的严重侵犯下,人们可以采取良心拒绝、非暴力反抗的方式拒绝服从法律。在承认实体公正难检验性的前提下,“视为公正说”正是罗尔斯“纯粹程序正义”在司法审判中的体现。就法治建设而论,国家在立法时应当更多地考虑予弱者以更多的权利配置,在司法时也应考虑保护弱者的原则得以更具体的贯彻。

The justice theory of Rawls was important to the study of law and justice, and performs an inspirational function to our country＇s juridical theory and practice. In his work Rawls elaborated the process to realize the two justice principles, proposed the questions of political justice, the economic justice and individual justice, and discussed substantive and formal justice. When justice is infringed on, people may adopt the conscience rejection ——the non- violence revolt to refuse to abide the law. If it was difficult to examine entity fairness, the assumed justice is Rawls, ＂the pure procedure justice＂ manifested in juridical practice. In law-making, the weak should be given more rights and in judicature the weak should be given more protections.