规则修改对乒乓球比赛观赏性影响的研究

Research on the Influences of Rule Changes of Table Tennis on the Appreciation of the Competition

通过对世界优秀乒乓球运动员在国际重大比赛(世锦赛、世界杯、公开赛)中技术使用的统计分析,以及对相应的研究成果的引证,来对国际乓联通过三项(小球变大球、无遮挡发球和11分赛制)规则修改,以提高乒乓球观赏性设想进行检验。结果显示乒乓球技术前四板的使用率明显高于三项规则修改前的使用率;三项规则实施后相持技术的使用率明显减少;比赛中每轮发球次数为2次和实施无遮挡发球,使得接抢段的使用率明显高于21分赛制;三项规则实施后击球的回合数没有得到增加。三项规则实施前中国获得的三大重要比赛冠军比例为65.10%,规则实施后的比例为82.20%,三项规则实施前后中国优秀运动员的世界排名没有受到影响;11分赛制使比赛具有偶然性增大的效果不明显。

By statistic analysis of the application of skills of world elite table tennis players in important international competitions （the World Table Tennis Championship, the World Cup and the Open Competition） and by quoting relevant research results as proof, this study aims to examine the tentative plan of ITTF to increase the appreciation degree of table tennis by changing three rules---small balls changed into big balls, service without covering up and the competition rule of 11 points. Research findings show that the application rate of the skill of front-four-bats is conspicuously higher than it was before the change of the rules; the use of the skill of stalemate has been conspicuously decreased since the three new rules were put into effect; because of the rule of two serv/ces in each service turn and the practice of service without covering up, the use rate of taking and scrambling is conspicuously higher than that when the competition rule of 21 points was in effect; there has been no increase in the number of rounds of hitting since the three new rules came into effect; before the three new rules, the championship rate that China got in the three important competitions was 65. 10% while after the new rules it＇s 82.20%, and there has been no influence on the place order of Chinese elite players before and after the three new rules; the effect of the competition rule of 11 points on the contingency of the competition is not obvious.