经济转轨下劳动争议社区治理的制度创新——以中山市为例

Institutional Innovation in Community Governance of Labor Disputes During Economic Transition: A Case of Zhongshan City

当代中国正处在复杂而深刻的制度变迁过程中,在经济转轨和社会转型的一定时期内,由于契约不完全以及法治的不完善,劳动力市场上出现政府监督无效等治理盲点,需寻求政府和市场之外的第三种治理方式以作补充。社区治理通过第三部门的参与平衡了劳动争议各方的利益,是一种能自我维系的有效制度。社区劳动争议调解制度是社区治理的一种具体形式,它解决了原有制度效率低下、交易费用高等问题,中山市社区劳动争议调解制度的有效运行就是该制度创新成功的一例。社区劳动争议调解制度还需在发挥第三部门的角色优势、设计事业共同体的激励约束机制、构建新紧密群体、传播制度创新知识等方面加以完善。

Complicated and profound institutional changes have taken place in contemporary China.Within the economic switching and social transforming period,governing blind areas exist in the labor market,such as contracts incompleteness and governmental supervising ineffectiveness.A third governing pattern should be explored to supplement to market and government.Community governance balances the interests of each party by the participation of the third sector,which makes it a self-enforced institution.As one form of this governing pattern,community labor disputes mediating institution solves the problems of ineffectiveness and expensive transaction cost which exist in the previous institution.Its successful application in Zhongshan city is a typical case.Still the new institution is to be perfected in some aspects,such as how to exert its advantages as a third party,designing inspiring and restraining mechanism for the community,constructing new close relationship among inhabitants,spreading institutional innovation knowledge,etc.