湿法(催化氧化法)炼铜工艺研究

Study on copper hydrometallurgical process—catalytic oxidation method

提出了一种催化氧化酸浸硫化铜矿的湿法冶炼方法。采用纯氧作氧化剂,找到了一种新型催化剂,降低了反应温度,缩短了反应时间,在密闭条件下,通过两步反应,利用中间脱硫方法,解决硫磺包膜阻碍反应速度问题,最终制得海绵铜,副产硫酸亚铁及硫磺(在得到硫磺的基础上进而制备硫化钠)。考察了反应温度、固体质量与液体体积之比、氯离子浓度、反应时间对铜浸出率的影响。研究结果表明,在适宜的工艺条件下,铜的浸出率达到了98%以上。采用闭路循环,充分利用了资源,并且克服了火法炼铜中副产二氧化硫污染环境的缺点,污染小,体现了环保意识,为硫化铜矿的湿法冶炼开辟了一条新途径。

The method for extracting copper from copper sulfide ore by catalytic oxidation acid -leaching way was put forward. Under the closed condition, using pure oxygen as the oxidant, a new catalyst was found,which could reduce the reaction temperature and shorten the reaction time. Experiments carried on a two - stage reaction and adopted the method of middle desulphurization to solve the problem of reaction velocity being hindered by sulfur coating. Finally, sponge copper was prepared and ferrous sulfate and sulfur was by - produced （ to prepare sodium sulfide after getting the sulfur ）. The effects of reaction temperature, the ratio of solid＇s mass to liquid＇s volume, concentration of chlorine ion and reaction time on the leaching rate of copper were investigated. The findings indicated, under the optimal condition, the leaching rate of copper reached more than 98 %. Under the closed - recirculation, this process fully utilized the resources and polluted slightly. More important, the process overcame the shortcoming of the by - production of sulphur dioxide which can pollute the environment in the process of the pyrometallurgy. Therefore, it manifested the environmental protection consciousness and developed a new way for the hydrometallurgy of copper sulfide ore.