应用沸点计法测量非挥发性电解质溶液的渗透系数

A Method of Dynamic Ebulliometer for Measurement of Osmotic Coefficients of Electrolyte Solution

本文研究了平衡压力自动调节的动态沸点计法测量非挥发性电解质溶液的渗透系数的方法。用高精度传感器来控制体系的温度和调节系统的压力。设计了高精度的沸点仪。测量了NaCl水溶液的浓度在0.5～4.0m之间的373.15K的渗透系数,结果与文献值一致,说明了本方法的可靠性。与传统的等压法(Isopiestic method)和静态法相比,它具有快速、方便、准确等优点。该方法为测量非挥发性电解质溶液的渗透系数提供了一种可靠的手段。

A method of dynamic ebulliometer with automatical adjustment for equilibrium pressure is applied to measure osmotic coefficients of electrolyte solutions. Sensor is used to control the temperature and adjust the pressure of the system with the accuracy of 0. 003K and 0. 004kPa respectively. An ebulliometer with high accuracy for measurement of boiling point is designed. The construction and error analysis of all part for the method is discussed in detail. The effect of temperature fluctuation on the experimental results of osmotic coefficients is analyzed. The osmotic coefficients of solutions of aqueous sodium chloride were measured at 373. 15K from 0. 5 to 4. 0 m, and the results agree with the values in literature. The method is rapid , convenient and accurate, comparing with traditional static and isobaric methods.