胶蚧属昆虫的自然分布扩散及地理起源(半翅目:胶蚧科)

Natural Distribution, Diffusion and Geographical Origin of the Genus Kerria (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)

在对南亚、东南亚及邻近地区胶蚧属昆虫分布资料归纳的基础上,结合近年实地调查资料,提出了胶蚧属昆虫的自然分布、扩散路线及地理起源。结果如下:胶蚧属昆虫主要分布在南亚、东南亚及邻近地区,主要包括中国、印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸、泰国、老挝、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、澳大利亚等地。胶蚧属昆虫有2个分布区,即南亚分布区和东南亚分布区。国际流域恒河、印度河、布拉马普特拉河、萨尔温江-怒江、澜沧江-湄公河、元江-红河及它们的部分支流是胶蚧属昆虫扩散的通道。南亚扩散路线以印度为中心,分别向北、向西和向东3个方向扩散;东南亚扩散路线以马来西亚为中心,向北扩散。胶蚧属昆虫有2个地理起源,南亚范围以印度为中心,东南亚范围内以马来西亚为中心。胶蚧属昆虫的寄主植物是其分布扩散的先决条件,气候条件是限制分布扩散的关键因子。

This paper deals with natural distribution, diffusion and geographical origin of of the genus Kerria （Hemiptera： Kerriidae）, based on the geographical distribution of of the genus Kerria and the investigation materials. The results are as follows： K. spp. mainly distribute in southern Asia, southern east Asia and nearby areas, including China, India, Pakistan, Bengal, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia et al. Two distinct distribution tracks are revealed： southern Asia track and southern east Asia track. The Ganges River, the Brahmaputra River, the Indus River, the Salween-Nujiang River, the Mekong-Lancangjiang River, the Red-Yuanjiang River and some of their effluents are diffusion thoroughfares of K. spp.. In southern Asia, K. spp. diffuses forward to north, west, and east with India as diffusion center. In southern-east Asia, K. spp. diffuse to north with Malaysia as diffusion center. K. spp. have two origin centers, they are India in southern Asia and Malaysia in southern east Asia. The host tree is prerequisite of K. spp. distribution and diffusion, and climate is the key factor which limits K. spp. distribution and diffusion.