白内障患者术前焦虑状况与应对方式的分析

Analysis of anxiety status and coping modes among the preoperative patients with cataract

目的分析白内障患者术前焦虑状况与应对方式,为临床护理提供依据。方法应用调查问卷即焦虑自评量表(SAS)、医学应对问卷(MCMQ)对60例(其中住院组30例,门诊组30例)白内障手术患者术前进行调查并统计分析。结果①被调查患者焦虑总分值及分组分值均高于常模(P<0.001),且有26.7%的患者存在不同程度的焦虑情绪。②焦虑状况与年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、诊断、病程等一般资料未见相关;与家庭支持情况相关(P<0.05),随着家庭支持程度的增高患者的焦虑水平降低。③焦虑状况与面对和屈服应对方式呈正相关(P<0.01)。表明面对及屈服应对方式不利于白内障患者术前心理健康。结论白内障患者术前有不同程度的焦虑情绪存在,且受多种因素的影响,因此护理人员通过评估而采取有效的应对方式是必要的。

Objective To describe and analyze anxiety status and influential factors among the preoperative patients with cataract and provide evidence for clinical nursing. Methods Sixty preoperative patients （30 inpatients and 30 outpatients） were recruited in this study. The questionnaires were used in this study to collect data, which includes the Self- Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Medical Coping Mode Questionnaire （MCMQ）. The semi - instructed interview was used to get more details related to the reason of anxiety. Results （1）The score of SAS in the total group and either subgroup were higher than the normal score （ P 〈0.01 ） , and more than 26.7% patients were with anxiety. （2）There was no relationship between the anxiety status and demographic factors （age, sex, educational level, married status, illness duration and diagnosis ） ;There was a negative relationship between the anxiety and family support（ r = 0.371 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. （3） Anxiety was positively related to the ＂ confrontation＂ and ＂ resignation＂ modes （ r = 0. 346, 0. 456 ; P 〈 0.01 ） , that means ＂ confrontation＂ and ＂ resignation＂ modes were not good for the psychological health status of preoperative patients. Conclusion Preoperative patients with cataract usually company with anxiety, and it is influenced by some factors. Nursing staff should assess the patients carefully and help them to choose positive coping modes to decrease the patients＇ anxiety level.