脂肪酸对基因表达的影响及调控

Effect and regulation of fatty acid in gene expression

脂肪酸是一类重要的营养物质,是动物体内的能量来源,同时也是生物膜的组成成分,在细胞生化过程中也同样起着重要作用。研究发现,脂肪酸可通过对基因表达的影响,对代谢、生长发育以及细胞分化发挥重要的调控作用。真核生物基因表达的调控大致可分为转录前、转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后等5个阶段的调控。脂肪酸通过细胞膜受体信号途径和转录因子活化途径调节基因表达,而多不饱和脂肪酸主要从基因转录和mRNA的稳定性两个方面调节基因表达。文章综述了脂肪酸,尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸对基因表达的影响及调控机制。

Fatty acids are a kind of important nutrients, which has been recognized as important energy source and biological membrane components and it＇s also important in the process of cell biochemistry reaction. Researches indicated that from affecting gene expression, the fatty acids could have important regulation effects on metabolism, growth and cell differentiation. Regulation of eukaryote gene expression divided to 5 levels： pre-transcription, transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation. Fatty acids regulate gene expression by the way of signal of cellular membrane receptor and of transcription factor activation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate gene expression in the two level of genetic transcription and stability of mRNA. This paper overviews the effects and the regulation mechanism of gene expression of fatty acids especially the polyunsaturated fatty acid.