儿童肺炎支原体感染的调查分析

An investigation and analysis of mycoplasma pneumoniae in children.

目的 探讨肺炎支原体（MP）感染发病的年龄、性别、季节、症状等分布情况.方法 对2020例住院病例采用回顾性的调查方法,应用日本富士瑞必欧株式会社肺炎支原体抗体体外诊断测试剂盒（SERODIA-MYCOⅡ）检测血清MP-IgM抗体.结果 男性MP-IgM抗体阳性率为18.3%,女性阳性率为29.2%,男女比例为1：1.6.1岁以下阳性率最低,3～13岁阳性率最高,1岁以下、1～3岁和3～13岁之间存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）,3～6岁与6～13岁之间无显著性差异.一年四季均有不同程度的MP感染病例发生,11～1月份MP发病率比其它月份高.MP感染主要累及呼吸系统,也可累及呼吸系统以外器官.结论 MP感染常见于学龄前儿童及学龄儿童,全年均可发病,以冬季为主.MP感染的临床表现以呼吸道症状为主,亦可伴发多器官损害（包括神经系统、泌尿系统、心血管系统、消化系统等）.

Objectives To determine the distribution of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection prevalence in children in the aspects of various age groups, sexes, the seasonal variation and different symptoms. Methods The study was a retrospective review of 2020 hospitalised children. Mycoplasma IgM reagent was used. Results M. pneumoniae was detected 18.3% positive in boys while 29.2% in girls. The proportion between boys and girls was 1：1.6. The highest seropositivity rate was encountered at 3 - 13 years of age （40.2%） and lowest was at 0 - 1 years of age （ 10.7% ）. There were remarkable difference among the three age groups （0 - 1, 1 - 3, and 3 -13 years age groups） （P 〈 0.05 ）. No statistical difference was found between the 3 -6 years of age and the 6- 13 years of age. Cases of M. pneumoniae occured all around the year, and exhibited seasonal distribution with peaks in November to January. Respiratory tract infections were frequently caused by M. pneumoniae, while other systems were also involved. Conclusions M. pneumoniae infection was most frequent in pre - school and school children. Cases could occur all around the year, and exhibited peaks in winter. M. pneumoniae frequently caused respiratory tract infections, sometimes associ- ated with multiple organs injury, including nerval system, urinary system, cardiovascular system, and digestive system.