康雍乾时期的文化政策与十八世纪的文学精神

The Literary Spirit of the Eighteenth Century Influenced by the Cultural Policy of Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong

康雍乾时期的满汉政策、科举政策、文化压制政策等,使满清的统治得以进一步巩固,同时也给18世纪的文化发展以深刻的影响。考据学的兴盛,理学的衰落,佛教、道教的进一步世俗化,三教合一的最后完成,构成了18世纪文学发展的文化背景。而18世纪的文学精神也就在这一背景上得以突显。诗词对情感因素的强调,古文的义理中个性因素的逐渐强化,通俗小说的文人化,戏剧的案头化,都是18世纪文学精神的体现。

The policies of nations, imperial examinations and cultural suppression consolidated the reign of Qing Dynasty, and influenced the culture of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century, the knowledge of textual research was prosperous, Neo-Confucianism declined, Buddhism and Taoism became more temporal, and the amalgamation of three religions finished in the end. All these formed the background of the development of literature in the eighteenth century. The literary spirit of the eighteenth century became evident on the background. The element of sentiment was emphasized in poesy, the individual element became more and more important in ancient proses, the scholastic hue became denser in the popular novels, and the drama became books of readability. All these embodied the literary spirit of the eighteenth century.