高唐神女原型研究综述

A Summary of the Research about the Archetype of the Goddess in Gao Tang

高唐神女是战国时楚国伟大辞赋作家宋玉根据原始宗教、神话、传说塑造的光耀千古的女神。挖掘此神女的原型,一直是研究者着力所在。学者们根据高唐神女在文学、宗教、心理等方面的传承、变异、置换,运用文化人类学、宗教学、民俗学、心理学等多种理论方法进行综合研究,从而使高唐神女的多样原型呈现在世人面前。据不完全统计,自20世纪30年代以来,国内学者发表的有关高唐神女研究的论文有90余篇,出版的专著有3部。关于高唐神女的原型,学术界主要有九种观点:(1)先妣兼高;(2)巫儿(尸女);(3)灵芝;(4)帝女或尧女;(5)云雨;(6)美神和爱神;(7)山鬼;(8)盐水神女;(9)复合型神祗。

It was Song Yu（宋玉）,a famous writer in Chu Kingdom in the Warring States who established the figure of the goddess in Gao Tang（高唐） by using religious,myth and.folks. It spent researchers much time to find the archetype of the goddess in Gao Tang .According to some statistics, the scholars home and abroad have published more than 90 research papers and three monographs since 1930s. There are nine kinds of viewpoints in the area of research about the archetype of the goddess in Gao Tang ：1.deceased female ancestors and love God; 2. prostitute for god （female priest in ancient China）; 3. magic fungus; 4. the daughter of God or King Rao ; 5. rain and cloud ; 6.the Goddess of beauty and the Goddess of love; 7. a female ghost in the mountain 8. the Goddess of the Salt River ; 9. the comprehensive Gods. In addition ,on the basis of the inheritance, variation and the replacement of the figure of the Goddess in Gao Tang in the field of literature, religion, psychology and so on, the scholars have executed the comprehensive research on the Goddess of Gao Tang, taking advantage of the theories and methods of literature, anthropology , religion ,psychology and so on. In this way, they have shown many archetypes of the goddess in Gao Tang to the world.