新高及爱宕梨雄性不育特性及其败育的细胞学研究

Cytological study on the microspore abortion in pear cultivar Niitaka and Atago

为研究梨雄性不育表现和细胞学特征,观察分析了新高、爱宕和丰水(对照)梨花器官特征、花粉数量和育性,比较了花药和小孢子发育过程的细胞学特征。结果表明,新高、爱宕花药较小,花药内花粉粒数量很少、且活力低,表现出雄性不育的空囊花药。新高小孢子败育主要发生在单核晚期,但在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期就表现出部分异常;爱宕小孢子败育也主要发生在单核晚期,而此前发育正常。认为新高、爱宕小孢子败育可能与绒毡层提前解体有关。

Male sterility of pear cultivars of Niitaka, Atago and Housui （CK） and the features of their anther were examined, and the pollen grains per anther and pollen germination rates were investigated. The results showed that the anther of Niitaka and Atago was smaller and had few pollen grains, thus resulting in the formation of sterile empty pollen sacs. The cytological features of anther and microspore development in Niitaka, Atago and Housui（CK） were examined by a light microscope. Compared with Housui, the microspores of Niitaka and Atago disintegrated mostly at the late mononuclear microspore stage ; the anther of Niitaka partly began to be abnomal at the meiosis stage, but the anther of Atago was normal before the late mononuclear microspores stage. The disintegration of microspores of Niitaka and Atago were correlated with the earlier disintegration of tapetum.