草莓微繁殖苗移栽后开花结果的研究

Blossoming and fruiting of micropropagated strawberry plants after transplantation

以草莓品种丰香、吐德拉、全明星、北辉为试材,研究了移栽时期、生根方式对草莓微繁殖苗移栽后开花结果的影响。草莓微繁殖苗在春季移栽时期对开花结果习性具有重要影响,2月份移栽,4个品种都开花结果,成熟期比露地栽培草莓大约晚20d,全明星、吐德拉和丰香3个品种的产量与普通苗露地栽培的产量相近;3月份移栽,虽然有开花结果,但并无经济学产量;4月份移栽,4个品种均未开花。不同品种的微繁殖苗在开花株率、单株产量等指标上差异显著,其中全明星微繁殖苗的开花结果能力最强,2月份移栽的微繁殖苗的开花株率达89.3%,单株产量达98.2g。在花序数上,培养基中不含植物生长调节剂处理显著高于附加植物生长调节剂的处理。

Four strawberry culfivars -Toyonoka, Tudla, Allstar and Kitanokagayaki - were used for studying the effects of transplantation time and rooting method on blooming and fruiting of micropropagated strawberry plants. Effects of transplantation time of strawberry mieropropagated plants in spring on the habits of blooming and fruiting was significant. When the micropropagated plants were transplanted in February, all of the four cultivars bloomed and fruited, and the maturation of berries was 20 days later than that of cultivated in open field and the yield per plant of Allstar, Tudla or Toyonoka was nearly equal to that of cultivated in open field. When transplanted in March, the micropropagated plants flowered and fruited, but had no commercial value. When the micropropagated plants were transplanted in April, there was no plant to blooming. The rate of plant blooming and the yield per plant varied significantly among cuhivars. Among the 4 cuhivars used, Allstar exhibited the strongest ability of blooming and fruiting, with 89.3% plants blooming and 98.2 g berries per plant. The number of inflorescence per plant of the in vitro plants rooted on medium without plant growth regulator was significantly larger than that with plant growth regulators. So the flower bud differentiation in micropropagated strawberry plants begins at higher temperature and longer photoperiods, to use micropropagated plants for berry production could be a new model of strawberry cultivation.