“社会国家”思想、公众舆论和政治家俾斯麦——近代德国社会保障制度的缘起

"Social state", public opinion and statesman Bismarck

德国不是欧洲第一个实现工业化的国家,但却是第一个颁布社会立法的国家。"社会国家"的思想在德国具有深厚传统。从19世纪下半叶开始,人们对社会公正与正义投入了极大关注。"讲坛社会主义"、教会改革派、各种类型的工会组织,甚至工业企业家都从不同角度对社会问题提出了解决方案。"国家救助"形成了强大的社会舆论,提上了政府工作日程。作为德国社会国家的奠基人,俾斯麦解决社会问题的思路影响巨大。德国的社会立法最终以社会保险的形式确立下来。

Germany is not the first industrialized country, but it is that issued social insurance acts first in the world. The idea of social state took root deeply in German cultural tradition. Since the second half of the 19^th century, public opinion has been focusing on social justice. Different social groups such as＂Kathedersozialismus＂, the Christian reformists, the trade unions and even the enterprisers gave their own solutions to the social problems. As a founder of German social state, premier minister Bismarck＇ s personal influence also could not neglected.