武汉东湖水生植被的恢复试验研究

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF AQUATIC VEGETATION IN A EUTROPHIC SHALLOW LAKE, DONGHU LAKE, WUHAN

本文报道了在武汉东湖所作的水生植被恢复的研究结果．分别在东湖水果湖、汤林湖和后湖等三个湖建立水生植被恢复示范区．挺水植物莲Nelumbonucifera和芦苇Phragmitescommumis、浮叶植物菱Trapasp．和r－选择型的沉水植物苦草Vallisneriasp．、聚草Myriophyllumspicatum、菹草Potamogetoncrispus和大茨藻Najasmarina等在三个植被复示范区均可以恢复．而黄丝草Potamogetonmaackianus、伊乐藻Elodeacanadensis、黑藻Hydrillaverticillata等在后湖示范区可以恢复，在水果湖恢复未能成功．黑藻在汤林湖示范区也未能恢复．在水生植被演替动态研究和中试规模的恢复试验的基础上，提出了以东湖为代表的富营养浅水湖泊水生植被恢复对策．

This paper reports the results of restoration experiments of aquatic vegetation carried out in the demonstration enclosures which are situated at three different subregions in a eutrophic shallow freshwater lake, Donghu Lake of Wuhan. It is found that the r-selected submerged plants,i. e., Vallisnerlti sp., MyrioPhyllum spicatum, Potamogeton crispus, and Najas marina can recover spontaneously or through the artificial introduction in' the enclosures. The strategies for the recovery of aquatic vegetation of Donghu Lake have been put forward on the basis of the study of the succession dynamics of aquatic plant community and the restoration test results. First of all, the ceasing of stock of herbivorous fish and reduction of standing stock of these fishes must be carried out at once, which may enhance the recovery of submerged vegetation in the sublakes such as Niuchaohu, Houhu and Tanglinhu. The K-selected ones,such as Potamogeton maackianus and Elndea canadensis should be introduced into the above-mentioned less-polluted sublakes for the optimization of species composition and community structure. In order to restore the submerged macrophytes in the eutrophic or hypereutrophic sublakes and bays such as Guozhenghu,the engineering measures must be taken to reduce and/or remove the internal and external nutrient loading combined with the biomanipulation. The r-selected submerged plants should be transplanted at first, and then the K-selected ones may be restored after the improvement of water quality.