土壤污染物源解析方法及其应用研究进展

Methods for Source Apportionment of Soil Pollutants and Their Advances in Application to Soil Environmental Research

本文介绍了污染物源解析的方法体系,重点对化学质量平衡法、多元统计模型、混合方法、分子标志物与同位素技术等受体模型研究方法的原理与应用进展加以总结,论述了化学质量平衡法和多元统计模型的优缺点、适用范围及应用现状;指出以这两种方法为基础形成的混合方法可避免前者选择排放源种类时的主观性,同时又可检验后者在鉴别过程中是否遗漏其他未知源,从而能够发挥最大的优势;最后对源解析方法的发展趋势及土壤学应用加以展望。

Methods for source apportionment of soil pollutants are reviewed in this paper. Receptor models such as chemical mass balance （CMB）, multivariate statistical models, hybrid approach, molecular markers and isotope techniques are emphasized in not only their principles but also their advances in applications to soil environmental research. Advantages and application limits for CMB and multivariate statistical models are pointed out. Hybrid approaches are widely used because they can avoid the arbitrariness when selecting source types and can decide whether there are other source types or not. The development trends of source apportionment and their applications in soil environmental research are prospected.