湿地服务价值评估的复杂性及研究进展

Valuing wetland services: the complexity and a review of studies

湿地服务价值评估具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。由于湿地具有类型多样、分布广泛和过程复杂等特点,湿地服务价值评估极具复杂性。主要表现为:湿地科学是一门年轻的科学,其过程与功能研究有待深入;对生态系统服务及其价值认识上还存在分歧;湿地服务价值研究具有多学科交叉的特点等。近年来,国内外湿地服务价值评估发展很快,取得了丰硕的研究成果,但也存在着一些问题与不足,如对湿地研究成果的利用不够充分;评估理论和方法有待完善;评估标准和评估结果差异较大等。因此,今后湿地服务价值评估研究应该将重点放在理论探索和方法完善方面,对应用研究加强引导和规范。从湿地生态系统过程与功能的机理入手,认真研究和改进湿地服务价值评估的手段、方法和技术,使湿地服务价值评估结果更具说服力、可比性和实用性,为湿地的科学管理,生态补偿机制的制定以及社会经济可持续发展提供有力支持。

Valuing wetland services is meaningfully significant in both theory and applications. There are a variety and abundance of wetlands all over the world, and they have very different values which vary in type and magnitude depending upon their location, effect upon society or ecological processes and their relationship to other wetlands. So, it is a complexity and a real challenge to try to evaluate the wetland services. The complexity of wetland evaluation lies in that： wetland is an emerging science and the process and function of wetland ecosystems need further study, opinions on the services and values of ecosystems are various, and wetland science is a kind of interdisciplinary science. At present, studies on evaluation of wetland services have made tremendous progress, but as a rapidly developing discipline, it is faced with many problems, such as the lack of basic theory support, the roughness of ways of evaluation, and the disagreement in the assessment results, etc. Moreover, there are some disagreements on should or shouldn＇t the ecosystems and natural capitals be valued. So, it is necessary to give a review and objective assessment of wetland economic valuation studies, to strengthen the knowledge of welfare and benefits of wetland to human beings. At last, the main points and directions of studies on valuing wetland services in future were put foreword.