急性酒精中毒大鼠心脏功能和交感-肾上腺髓质系统变化研究

Study on the Changes of Myocardial Function and Sympathy-Adrenal Medulla System in Acute Alcoholism in Rats

目的研究急性酒精中毒后大鼠心脏的病理、功能及交感-肾上腺髓质系统的变化。方法28只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为饮酒组和对照组。饮酒组按5.357ml/kg体重(即2.4g纯酒精/kg体重)胃管灌入56%乙醇,对照组给予同等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。两组均分别于灌胃后45和120min通过颈总动脉插管观察左心室内压力、血压、心率和心肌力学指标的变化,同时测定血中酒精含量及血浆肾上腺素(AD)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平。实验结束后光镜下观察大鼠心脏病理变化。结果(1)饮酒组灌入酒精后,光镜下可见心肌细胞明显肿胀,出现嗜酸性变性。(2)与对照组比较,饮酒组灌入酒精后45min时出现显著性的左心室压力下降,血压下降,心率减慢,心肌力学指标下降(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组比较,饮酒组灌入酒精后45min时血浆AD和NE水平显著升高。(4)饮酒组急性酒精灌入后120min,心脏病理改变减轻,左心室功能指标恢复,血浆AD和NE水平有所下降(P<0.05)。结论(1)乙醇可对大鼠心肌细胞造成直接的损害。(2)急性酒精中毒可明显损害心肌收缩和舒张功能。(3)急性酒精中毒交感-肾上腺髓质系统活性增强,而交感神经兴奋效应不足以代偿酒精及其代谢产物对心肌毒性作用所引起的心脏收缩和舒张功能的下降。(4)急性酒精中毒对心脏的影响是可逆的。

Objective To study the changes of cardiac pathology and myocardial function, and the changes of the sympathy - adrenal medulla system caused by acute alcohol consumption. Methods 28 adult healthy SD male rats were divided into the test group and the control randomly. Alcohol （5. 357 ml/kg, 56% white wine） was administrated through gastric tube in test group and the equal volume of physiological saline was given the same way to the control. The cardiac catheter was emplaced through common carotid artery to measure the changes of the left ventricular pressure, blood pressure, heart rate and myocardial mechanism at 45min and 120min after treatment. Blood samples were taken for the concentrations of alcohol, adrenalin （AD） and noradrenalin （NA）. Then the rats＇ hearts were removed and examined by HE staining. Results （1） The myocardial cells showed swelling on the light microscopic examination at 45 minutes after acute alcohol consumption, and the cytoplasm showed acidophilic degeneration with HE staining. （2） Compared with the control group, the parameters of the left ventricular pressure, the blood pressure, the heart rate and the myocardial mechanics in the alcohol group were decrease most significantly at 45min after acute alcohol consumption. （3） The concentrations of AD and NA in plasma were significantly increased after 45 minutes of alcohol treatment. （4） After 120 minutes of alcohol treatment, the pathological changes and the left ventricular function rehabilitated, and the concentrations of AD and NA in plasma decreased. Conclusion （ 1 ） Alcohol directly damaged the myocardial cells. （2） Acute large amounts of alcohol consumption can damage the myocardial contractile and diastolic function. （3） The activity of the sympathy -adrenal medulla system increases in acute alcoholism, while it can＇t compensate the toxic effects of the alcohol and its metabolites to the myocardial function. （4） The effects of the alcoholism to the heart are reversible.