金丝猴属的DNA序列变异及进化与保护遗传学研究

Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Evolution and Conservation Relevance of Snub-nosed Langurs

金丝猴的分类及系统发育存在许多争议。本文测定了２只川金丝猴、８只滇金丝猴、１只越南金丝猴和１只灰叶猴的２５３ｂｐ的线粒体细胞色素ｂ基因的序列。其中４７个位点（１９％）检出变异。我们采用简约法、最大似然法和距离法构建了一系列的分子系统树，得到相同的拓扑结构，从而可能在分子水平澄清了金丝猴属的系统发育。结果表明，云南金丝猴与越南金丝猴间的关系较与川金丝猴的为近。金丝猴属的分化大约发生在２～６百万年以前。这３种金丝猴均是独立的种，且都应归入金丝猴属。对８只来自野外的滇金丝猴（其中包括了昆明动物研究所圈养群体的所有６只创立者）的非损伤性遗传分析提示，编号为ＹＫ２的母猴是维持该圈养群体遗传多样性的关键猴。我们建立的这种非损伤性遗传分析方法广泛适用于珍稀濒危动物的遗传多样性及遗传管理研究。

he classification and phylogenetic relationships of the snub-nosed langurs (Rhinopithecus) are still open questions.We have sequenced a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene fragment from R.roxellana,R.bieti,R.avunculus and Presbytis phayrei.There are 47 sites (19%) characterized by variation.A series of evolutionary trees with concordant topology has been derived by using parsimony,maximum likelihood and distance methods,which may have resolved the evolutionary relationships of the three golden monkey species.R.bieti is more closely related to R.avunculus than to R.roxellana.The divergence among those three species occurred about 2～6 million years ago.Our results suggest that Rhinopithecus is a valid genus,and avunculus should be placed into this genus.Our non-invasive genetic analysis provided useful information for the genetic management of the captive population at the Kunming lnstitute of Zoology.