中国北方沙尘暴及其农学防治探讨

Sand-dust Storm and Agronomy Prevention Countermeasures in Northern China

综合了有关沙尘暴研究的主要成果,分析了我国北方沙尘暴灾害的现状,对沙尘暴的空间分布与发展趋势、沙尘暴的成因和沙尘物质来源及运移路径等分别进行评述。在此基础上提出了沙尘暴减灾的农学途径,着重探讨了在全球气候变化的大背景下以冬小麦和冬油菜为代表的冬作物北移措施和保护性耕作措施的防尘机理。指出防止我国北方沙尘暴的恶化,农业结构调整的当务之急是应对全球气候变化的大趋势,结合北方生态环境的特点和社会发展的需求,充分利用气候、气象变化规律,通过合理的时空布局,采取趋利避害的农业调控措施,最大限度地发挥冬作物北移和保护性耕作措施的生态保护功能,是今后北方干旱、半干旱区农业发展生态建设的必由之路。

The status quo of disasters caused by sand - dust storm in Northern China was analyzed, and the spatial distribution, developing trend, as well as origin, source and moving path of sand - dust storm were reviewed respectively. The agronomy approaches to sand - dust storm disasters reduction were suggested, and mechanism for sand - dust storm prevention under the ground of global climate change was discussed mainly. It was pointed out that the farming structure adjustment should apply to global climate change to prevent worsening of sand - dust storm in Northern China, and the way to improve sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi - arid regions was put forward, namely combining the environment and the needs of social development in Northern China, making use of climate change law, adopting agricultural control measures through reasonable spatial - temporal farming distribution, exerting the environment preservation function of conservation tillage and winter crop extending northward.