有罪推定与“沉锚”效应

Presumption of Guilty and Effect of Sinking Anchor

心理学上的“沉锚”效应也就是我们常说的思维惯性或者思维定势陷入。在刑事司法活动中,如果办案人员先入为主地认为犯罪嫌疑人或被告人有罪,那么,有罪推定的思想会渗透到办案人员的具体行动中,不但会妨碍被追诉人合法权利的实现,更糟糕的是,有可能因此而错误认定事实和证据,甚至冤枉无辜。因此,从有罪推定与沉锚效应角度研究与检视我国刑事诉讼中存在的有罪推定现象,有利于我们正视有罪推定观念的危害性,进而尽快加以消除,最终在刑事诉讼中树立无罪推定的理念。

The effect of sinking anchor in the psychology is what we often name thought inertia or thought deciding the potential. In the criminal justice activities, if the personnel handling the case think the suspect or defendant is guilty from the beginning, the thought of presumption of guilty can seep into the motion of them. Thus, the legitimate rights of the accused may be hindered, and the fact or the evidence may be recognized wrongly, even the innocent may be punished. Therefore, reviewing the criminal procedure of our country from the perspective of the presumption of guilty and effect of sinking is advantageous for us to face up to the hazardous nature of the presumption of guilty, then eliminate it as soon as possible, and finally set up the idea of presumption of innocence in the criminal justice.