血吸虫反向疫苗学理论与技术的研究现状与展望

Application of Reverse Vaccinology in Schistosoma Vaccine Development:Advances and Prospects

近年发展起来的反向疫苗学,以“序列-结构-功能”思想为依据,以免疫信息学、计算机预测设计以及高通量的各种组学(包括基因组学、转录本组学、蛋白质组学等)综合集成技术为核心,可能为血吸虫疫苗候选分子的发现提供一条新途径。本文简要介绍了反向疫苗学常用的理论预测和实验方法;概述了应用反向疫苗学理论与技术筛选和鉴定血吸虫候选疫苗分子(保护性抗原或表位)的进展情况;最后,讨论了通过模拟辐照致弱血吸虫疫苗或人群获得性免疫的效应机制等来发展血吸虫反向疫苗学的可能的研究方向。

Objective Current advances in reverse vaccinology based on the principle of ＂sequence-structurefunction＂ and such integrated platform technologies as immunoinformatics, computer-aid design, and various highthroughput omics （including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics） may pave a new way for the discovery of candidate vaccine molecules against schistosomiasis. Both theoretical prediction and experimental approaches conventionally used in the field of reverse vaccinology are briefly introduced in this review; and the applications of these approaches to screening and confirming candidate Schistosoma vaccine molecules are also summarized. Furthermore, potential research prospects of the application of reverse vaccinology to Schistosoma vaccine development are discussed by simulating immune effect mechanisms of immunization with radiation-attenuated cercaria vaccine in animal hosts and naturally acquired immunity in human population.