带状疱疹后遗神经痛相关因素的分析及护理

Analysis about the related factors of postherpetic neuralgia and related nursing cares

目的 研究影响带状疱疹后遗神经痛疼痛（postherpetic neuralgia，PHN）程度的相关因素。提出相应的护理对策。方法 对82例带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者进行视觉模拟评分（visual analog scale,VAS）评估，并记录患者的年龄、性别、PHN急性期疼痛的发作频率、疼痛的性质、疱疹部位，分析这些因素与经痛程度的相关性，提出相应的护理对策。结果 PHN疼痛程度与性别显著相关（P〈0．05），而与年龄、疼痛发作频率、疼痛的性质、疱疹部位无显著相关。患者急性期发作频度以持续性疼痛（78．0％）居多，疼痛性质以烧灼样（39．0％）和针刺样（28．0％）为主。结论 对PHN患者应重视疼痛的护理评估和健康教育，尤其是对老年男性持续性烧灼样和针刺样疼痛的患者，应积极实施心理护理；教会患者缓解疼痛的方式，以减轻疼痛提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To study the related factors which can influence the degree of postherpetic neuralgia and make out certain nursing care strategy. Methods Evaluated the condition of 82 patients with postherpetic neuralgia by the visual analog scale （VAS）, and record the age, gender, the frequency of pain attack, character of pain, location of herpes, and then analyze the relationship between the factors and the degree of neuralgia. Result Gender was a coherent factors with the degree of postherpetic neu- ralgia（P〈0.05 ）. The other factors was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the persistant pain（78.0% ） and pains like burning （39.0%） and pinking （28.0%） were very common in these patients. Conclusion The healthy education should be emphasized, especially to the elder males suffering durative pains like burning and pinking. Meanwhile, the mental nursing and related education should be practiced to improve patient＇ s quality of life.