农产品中农药残留去除技术研究进展

Research Progress on Techniques of Reducing Pesticide Residues in Agro-product

对农产品中农药残留去除技术进行了综述。介绍了农药残留去除中应用的微生物、降解酶、工程菌、植物等生物降解,夹带、超声波清洗和电离辐射等物理方法,水解、氧化分解和光化学降解等化学方法等。并对各自优缺点进行了比较,其中化学方法研究较多,且降解效果好,但可能带来二次污染,甚至把无毒或低毒物质变成有毒或毒性更大的物质;物理方法简单、易操作,但可能影响农产品的品质;而生物降解无毒、无二次污染,但获得具有良好降解效果的生物难度较大。同时提出了农产品中农药残留去除必将从单一途径向多种途径并用的方向发展。

This article summarizes the techniques of reducing pesticide residues in agro-product. Some techniques on reduction of pesticide residues are discussed, for instance biological degradation such as microorganisms, catabolic enzymes, engineering bacteria and plants etc., physical methods such as carrying, ultrasonic cleaning and irradiation etc., and chemical methods such as hydrolysis, oxygenolysis and photochemical degradation etc. Their separation merits and faults are also compared. Chemical methods are often studied and their degradation effects are good, but they can bring secondary pollution and even they can change nontoxic or low toxic matter into toxic or more toxic matter. Physical methods are simple and easy to operate, but they can affluence the quality of agro-product. Though biological degradation is nontoxic and no secondary pollution, the organisms with good degradation effects are hardly obtained. Moreover the direction of research on the techniques of reducing pesticide residues in agro-product is developed from one way to many ways.