1Lind T,Kroner K,Jensen J.The epidemiology of fractures of the promixmal humerus[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,1989,108:285-287.
2Neer CS 2nd.Displaced proximal humeral fractures.I.Classification and evaluation[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1970,52:1077-1089.
3Neer CS 2nd,McIL Veen SJ.Humeral head replacement with rsconstruction of the tuberositied and the cuff in 4-fragment displaced fractures.Current results and technics[J].Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot,1988,74(2):31-40.
5Elkowitz SJ,Koval KJ,Zuckerman JD.Decision making for the treatment dr proximal humerus fractures[J].Techniques in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery,2002,3:234-250.
1Zuekerman JD, Checroun AJ. Fractures of the humerus: diagnosis and management, In: Iannoti JP, Williams GR Jr. Disorders of the shoulder: diagnosis and mangement. 1st eds. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. 639-685.
2Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fracture. Part Ⅱ. Treatment of the three-part and four-part displacement. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1970, 52: 1090-1103.
4Hawkins R J, Bell RH, Gurr K. The three-part fracture of the proximal of the humerus: operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1986, 68: 1410-1414.
5Kristiansen B, Kofoed H. Transeutaneous reduction and external fixation of displacted fracture of proximal humerus: a contorlled clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1988, 70: 821-824.
7Bigliani LU, Flatow EL, Pollock RG. Fractures of the proximal huerus. In: Rockwood CA, Green DP, Bucholz RW, et al. Fractuers in adults. 4th eds. Philadephia: Lippincott Raven, 1996. 1055-1107.
8Jaberg H, Warner J J, Jakob RP. Percutaneous stabilization of unstable fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1992, 74:508-515.
9Kocialkowski A, Wallace WA. Closed percutaneous K-wire stabilization for displacted fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus.Injury, 1990, 21: 209-212.
10Resch H, Povacz P, Frohlich R, et al. Percutaneous fixation of the three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1997, 79: 295-300.