金朝流外出职制度研究

Research on System of People without Official Rank Entering into Bureaucracy in Jin Dynasty

金朝流外出职制度来源于北宋。流外人员中,中央政府吏员主要来源于承荫人、终场举人和地方政府吏员,地方政府吏员主要由推举产生;宫中诸局分承应人来源于承荫人和非承荫人。吏员出职一般具有一定的行政能力,宫中诸局分承应人一般有一定的文化水平。吏员不能廉洁奉公的现象普遍存在,宫中诸局分承应人的素质随着皇帝的变化而变化,对这两种人出身的职官,不能给予太高的评价。

System of people without official rank entering into bureaucracy in Jin Dyasty derived from the Northsong Dynasty.Secretary in the central government is made up of officer sons and brothers, persons who hand joined in the imperial examination but failed in the end and secretary from local government mainly. Secretaries in local government are recommended from common people generally. Officers from the channel of people without office rank entering into bureaucracy have both advantage and disadvantage to official selection system,so we can not give too high appraisement.