内地与香港银行业集中度和市场结构分析

The analysis of bank concentration and market structure of Hong Kong and China's Mainland

银行进入规制直接影响到银行的集中度和市场结构,本文对香港和内地银行集中度和市场结构进行分析,得出进入规制壁垒是造成内地银行业高度垄断型市场结构和低效率竞争的主要因素。内地银行业自1978年以来所进行的改革成果是垄断的打破、银行机构数量的增多、竞争程度的上升、银行服务质量与经营效率的提高等。这些进步得益于中国银行的规制的放松。但是,与香港以及其它国家或地区相比,内地对银行业的规制仍较为严格,特别是在市场进入规制上,国家对特定银行的积极干预等非市场化行为,导致银行业处于极高寡占型和低水平竞争格局并存状况。

Bank entry mechanism has a direct influence on the bank concentration and the market structure. From the analysis of bank concentration and market structure of Hong Kong and China's Mainland in this article, we can conclude that the entry barriers are the main causes of highly monopolized market structure and low efficiency of competition of banking industry in China's Mainland. Banking industry in China's Mainland has had a lot of achievements through reformation since 1978, such as the break of monopoly, the increasing number of bank institutions, the rising degree of competition and the progresses of bank service quality and operation efficiency, etc.. All these progresses result from the relaxation of bank entry restrictions. But in comparison with Hong Kong and other countries or areas, the restrictions of banking industry in China's Mainland are still too strict, especially the bank entry mechanism. The non-market activities, for example the active interference of the government to specific banks, lead to both bank＇ s oligopoly and the low level of competition.