实验性溺死兔气管及肺组织扫描电镜形态学观察

An Morphological Observation of Lung and Trachea in Experimentally-drowned Rabbits under Scanning Electron Microscope

应用光镜和扫描电镜对溺死家兔气管及肺组织进行对比实验观察．结果表明：①扫描电镜下溺死实验兔气管及肺组织具有溺死特有的形态学改变，即气管纤毛大片状倒伏、排列紊乱和部分缺失；肺组织有清晰可见的肺泡扩张、肺泡壁断裂、出血及肺泡腔内纤维蛋白网形成．该特征对于生前溺死和死后入水的法医学鉴别诊断具有十分重要的意义．②扫描电镜下肺内检见的硅藻具有表面立体感强和细微结构清晰的特点，有助于硅藻的准确分类，对落水点的推测具有一定价值．

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was applied in the comparatively experimental observation of lung and trachea of drowned rabbits. The results were as follows: 1) Under the scanning electron microscope a drowned rabbit had, in its trachea and lung, some typical morphological changes due to the drowning, namely the tracheal cilia fallen down massively, arranged disorderly, or lost partly; the obvious dilatation of alveoli, rupture of alveolar wall, hemorrhage and formation of fibrin network. All the above features were of a great significance in forensic differential diagnosis. 2) The diatom, detected in the lung under the microscope, possessed such features as a superficially strong stereoscopic sense and a delicate structure, which was instrumental in the accurate classification of diatoms and the prediction of the drowning site.