傅兰雅之《格致汇编》及其科学传播实践

John Fryer's Gezhi Huibian and its science communication practice

目的探讨傅兰雅(John Fryer,1839—1928)之《格致汇编》在晚清西方科学传播中的特殊意义。方法历史考证、辨析。结果其中大部分文章由傅兰雅编译,涉及各类自然科学基础知识,还包括科学仪器、科技发明、科技研究信息的报道,以傅兰雅的《格致略论》、《化学卫生论》、《混沌说》、徐寿的《考证律吕说》等内容最具代表性,也最具科学传播价值。结论认为傅兰雅完全不同于之前的传教士,他特别发表声明退出教会,因此在某种程度上已成为一位纯粹的科学传播者。《格致汇编》的传播内容反映了晚清时期,中国科学家虽介入编辑传播,但仍以西学为传播内容的主体;其受众局限于沿海、沿江的知识分子阶层,未形成广泛的受众群体;作为中国最早的一份传教士与中国科学家合办的综合性科技期刊,开创了西方科学在中国传播的新途径和新媒介。

Aim To discuss the significance instruction about John Fryer＇s Gezhi Huibian and western science introduction in the Qing Dynasty later period. Methods History textual research,differentiation and analysis. Results Most articles of Gezhi Huibian are compiled by John Fryer, referring to basic natural science,scientific instrument, technique invention and technique research information;chemistry and sanitation theory and chaos theory of Gezhi Huibian as representative of Kaozheng LUlti theory that edited by XU Shou. Conclusion John Fryer is absolutely different from other missionaries,he claimed to quit the mission. In a way he became a pure science communicator. The theory of Gezhi Huibian that reflected science introdction in the Qing Dynasty later period is a kind of individual behavior. Although Chinese scientists, are concerned with the spread of Gezhi HuiBian,is the primary theorythat has been disseminated ;the theory of Gezhi Huibian is only accepted by the intellectuals in coastland or river basin ; Gezhi Huibian, which is the earliest scientific magazine, has played an important role in dissemination of science between west and China.