中国花岗岩地貌的类型特征与演化

The Type and Evolution of the Granite Landforms in China

在中国南方亚热带季风气候条件下,自中、上新世以来的夷平面及其深厚的花岗岩风化壳在后期不同程度构造抬升—下切过程中,造成许多中国特有的花岗岩地貌类型,如黄山和三清山等处的花岗岩峰林、石林、造型石、风动石等。本文讨论了中国花岗岩风化壳和地貌的时空演化规律,提出地貌发育年代与中、上新世广布的夷平面的密切关系,以及在不同抬升背景下,花岗岩地貌与风化壳的关系。并可据此推算不同山地的抬升幅度,沿海仅抬升约200m,向内地逐渐增大,到南岭或大别山、伏牛山则达到约1600～2000m。

With the subtropical monsoon climate in southern China, the planation surface and the crust of weathering developed into many particular granite landform types, such as that on Mt. Huangshan and Mt. Sanqingshan, as a result of the uplift and down-cut in the following tectonic movements. In this paper, the temporal and spatial development discipline of the granite crust of weathering and landform was discussed, and the close relationship between the landform age and planation surface was studied. The connections of the granite landform and the crust of weathering were also put forward in different uplift background. Based on that, the uplift extent of massifs can be presumed, which would be -200 m at coastal region, and increase to 1600-2000 m at the Nanling Mountains or Dabie Mountain and Funiu Massif.