南洞庭湖湿地鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

On Structure and Diversity of Bird Community in South Dongting Lake Wetland of Hunan Province

2005年5月～2007年4月采用固定样带法和样点法对南洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类群落进行了调查研究，共纪录到鸟类164种，隶属16目42科96属，其中冬候乌84种、夏候鸟30种、留鸟38种，旅鸟12种，分别占51．22％、18．30％、23．17％、7．32％；古北界种类87种（占52．5％，另有新北界种类1种），东洋界种类43种（占26．9％），广布型种类33种（占20％）；国家Ⅰ级保护种类6种，国家Ⅱ级保护种类29种。南洞庭湖湿地鸟类群落多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener）为3．9910，均匀性指数（Pielou）为0．5424。通过对该区的鸟类群落结构及多样性进行分析研究，进一步摸清了南洞庭湖湿地鸟类生存现状、类型、分布，从而研究洞庭湖的鸟类资源及生态环境提供科学依据。

A stedy has been made on bird resources of South Dongting Lake wetland by the investigation from may 2005 to Apr. 2007, and the results show that there are 164 species of 96 genera of 42 families of 16 orders of birds in South Dongting wetland of Hunan province,of which birds of Palearetie realm have 87 species（ birds of Nearetie reahn have 1 species） ,birds of Oriental realm have 43 species, birds of wide distribution have 33 species ;of which birds of passage or migrant in winter have 84 species, resident birds,38 species, and birds of passage in summer,30 species;of which 6 species belong to first class protected birds and 29 species belong to the second class protected birds in China. The water bird resources of South Dongting Lake are especially abundant, the species and amount of which have distinctly seasonal change. These are more winter birds of a whole year in water bird species and amount, and less summer birds. The habitat diversity of South Dongting Lake has a high degree, the birds diversity index is on the high side, reaching 3. 991 0. But the uniformity index is on the low side of 0. 542 4 ,that is associated with interference of human factor in wetland environment and birds of South Dongting Lake. The paper analyzed wetland bird biodiversity summarizes the state of survival, types and distribution of the South Dongting Lake, and finally puts forward to prospect for investigation in wetland bird diversity so as to provide setentifie gist for protecting wetland bird resource and ecological environment.