中日农业剩余劳动力转移制度环境比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Moving System Environment of Rural Surplus Labor Between China And Japan

中国目前正处于"三农问题"的攻坚阶段,2007年两会期间"三农问题"仍被视为当前最迫切的任务,其核心层次就是推进农业剩余劳动力向城镇的非农产业转移,而传统的制度构架已经构成现实转移的羁绊。与世界其他发达国家农业劳动力转移的进程相比,战后日本以最快的速度实现了农业劳动力向非农产业的转移,而这一过程的实现源于其有效的转移制度环境。为此,有必要运用比较的研究方法,探寻更为有效的制度化方案。分析结果表明中日农业剩余劳动力转移所处的制度环境既存在相似之处亦存在实质性的差异,土地产权的明晰化、逐步弱化、取消户籍制度在城乡间的屏障作用、实现教育公平将为"三农问题"正本清源。

Nowadays, China is in the hardest period of the Three Rural Problems （ Problems about Agriculture, Rural areas and Peasantry ）. In 2007, the problems are still regarded as the urgent task. The key method is to propel the rural surplus labors move to the un - rural industries. However, traditional system structure was a barrier to the movement. Three Rural Problems should be studied under a macro system environment. Compared with other developed countries in the world, the transferring of Japan＇s rural surplus labors is swift. Therefore, it is necessary to analysis the reason in comparative ways. This paper studies 3 aspects： land, household, and education system. The conclusion proves that estabhshing ownership system of the land, abolishing the barrier of household system, realizing the equality of education between city and rural area are the ways to solve the Three Rural Problems.