日本“结构改革特区”研究

A Study of Japan's “Special Zones for Structural Reforms”

“结构改革特区”是日本政府在“结构改革”屡屡受挫的情况下,于2003年4月推出的一项规制改革措施。它以搞活经济为目的,即先在少数地区实施一些很难在全国统一推行的规制改革,取得经验后再向全国推广。由于此次特区采用地方政府自发提交结构改革特区方案,以及中央政府“只给政策不给钱”的改革思路,受到国内外舆论的关注。本文拟从结构改革特区的背景、过程入手,分析其特点和成效,并对其问题及前景进行评述。

After repeated setbacks in its “structural reforms”, the Japanese government initiated a new measure of institutional reform, the “special zones for structural reforms”, in April of 2003. The new measure is intended to enliven the economy by designating specific zones to carry out institutional reforms which are difficult to be carried out on a national scale and then introducing their successful experiences to the rest of the whole country. As the new measure is characterized by such features that the local governments initiate their own institutional reforms and the central government provides “only policies but no money”, it has brought about concerns both at home and abroad. This paper begins with the background against which the measure of “special zones for structural reforms” was initiated and its development, proceeds to the analysis of its features and results, and ends with a comment on its problems and prospect.